Ford Europe reported a pre-tax operating loss of $51m (£32m) in Q4 compared with profit of $253m a year ago.
Q4 revenue was $8.1bn, down from $8.2bn a year ago.
Ford said the Q4 losses were due to lower market share, higher structural costs to support product launches, higher commodity costs, and lower industry volumes.
It also lost sales with the ending of scrappage schemes.
Ford said the fourth quarter result was lower than expected, reflecting primarily lower market share driven by actions to maintain margins.
For the full year, Ford Europe reported a pre-tax operating profit of $182m, compared with a loss of $144m a year ago
The Blue Oval’s 2010 market share fell to 8.1 per cent in Europe from 8.9 per cent in 2009.
In 2010 Ford sales fell 13.9 per cent in a European market down 5 per cent, according to the European carmaker associaton Acea
Worldwide, Ford reported a profit of $6.6bn in 2010, its highest for 10 years.